Sociologist James Loewen authored Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism. In the preface of the re-printed 2018 edition, Loewen noted that while sundown towns are on the decline, some former sundown towns have shifted from overt to systemic racism through policies such as Driving While Black policing. He cites the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Mo., as an example. Ferguson, MO, was a sundown town between 1940 and 1960. California is a state in the Western United States.It is the state with the most people, as 37,253,956 people lived there in 2010. In 2017, the National League of Cities (NLC) announced a collaboration with the Center for Social Inclusion to help local government officials advance racial equity in their cities. Contact Lynne for more details: Lynne4npusa@gmail.com 800-334-0540, Oakland Post: Week of February 22 28, 2023, Oakland Post: Week of February 15 21, 2023, Oakland Post: Week of February 8 14, 2023, Oakland Post: Week of February 1 7, 2023, Call to Protect Geoffreys Inner Circle from Threatened High-Rise Development, With a 97.3% Strike Vote, More Than 500 Richmond Educators Rally Before School Board Meeting, Democrat Sheila Jackson Lee Introduces Anti-White Supremacy Bill, then Schools Republican Boebert on Hate. The objective is to promote history on Medium and demonstrate the value of historical writing. "We really need to talk about issues of race in our community. 2023 The African American Online Source for California's Capital City. Apple Music partnered with the National Football League in producing the event, according to league officials. The name comes. In 2017, the National League of Cities (NLC) announced a collaboration with the Center for Social Inclusion to help local government officials advance racial equity in their cities. The anecdotes listed includealleged cross burnings and other threats towards Black homeowners, and alleged expulsions of entire ethnic groups. When you click through real estate links on our site, we earn an affiliate commission. But he also gives credit to actor and director Shiek Mahmud-Bey, who has made a name for himself onscreen and teaches actors like Lawrence through his CharActors company and Shiek Studios.. When I look at this, I realize how far weve come if this sticks, this resolution sticks, McGrath said. Oshagan believes art can help educate people and spur an emotional response. In 1980 two white residents shot a Black firefighter, Miguel Marcelli, in the head shortly after sundown. Sundown towns were municipalities that prevented African-Americans or other minorities from lingering after dark. In the preface of the re-printed 2018 edition, Loewen noted that while sundown towns are on the decline, some former sundown towns have shifted from overt to systemic racism through policies such as Driving While Black policing. He cites the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Mo., as an example. Download for iOS or Android. These 'sundown towns' were places where, black Americans . These places, known commonly as sundown towns, existed across the nation. In the preface of the re-printed 2018 edition, Loewen noted that while sundown towns are on the decline, some former sundown towns have shifted from overt to systemic racism through policies such as Driving While Black policing. He cites the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Mo.,as an example. So, its indirect Its actually a tax credit for small businesses, not for the media.. Photo: Arthur S. Siegel/Library of Congress T his past June, 24-year-old Robert Fuller was found hanging from a tree in Palmdale, California. In addition to AfricanAmericans, other ethnic groups were also excluded from cities. Sundown Towns are all-white communities, neighborhoods, or counties that exclude Blacks and other minorities through the use of discriminatory laws, harassment, and threats or use of violence. I can remember when a black person had better not go to Glendale or Culver City and be there after five oclock.. Below is a chart which lists all cities in California with KKK organizations from 1915-1940.For more California reading , check out: We aim to deliver infotainment about where you live that your real estate agent won't tell you. Communities where people of color were basically excluded, either by law or local sentiment, will be the topic of the next Conversations on Race and Policing program on Wednesday, Dec. 9. What is the KKK? John Aden is the Executive Director of the African American Historical Society Museum in Fort Wayne. As the city of Glendale is looking at its policies and practices around housing, as it's looking at its policies and practices around economics and businesses, we're able to say hey remember you passed a sundown town resolution and you said you were committed to diversity, equity and inclusion, where is that in this policy?" The event, held at State Farm Stadium, was the first time that both teams were led by an African American quarterback. The post Rihanna, Wealthiest Super Bowl Entertainer Ever! Many of themwereherein California, too. The memory of sundown towns re-entered our collective cultural conscience recently as incidents of police brutality have pushed people to speak out against racism. The 1865-1870s movement sought to overthrow Republican state governments. Mr. Thorpe said he wanted to honor the citys Chinese with a permanent exhibit or display by working with the Antioch Historical Museum. Forsyth County gained a national reputation as a sundown town in 1987, following news coverage of attacks against civil rights marchers after a Ku Klux Klan (KKK) rally in the county. However, racial animosity still exists as shown by the multiple Black Lives Matter protests that have occurred in the state since May. Its just the right thing to do, Mayor Lamar Thorpe said on Thursday. This report is an analysis of the locations of historic KKK organizations divided by the number of people who currently live there. Independent journalism needs YOUR support to survive and thrive. Many of them were here in California, too. But when we were looking around back on the record, and we scoured the landscape for all the different public policy ideas, we saw this bill at the bottom of the pile that seemed much better than all the other approaches. Writer, Photographer, Videographer, Copy Editor, and website editor documenting local events in the Oakland-Bay Area California area. SIGN-UP: Dont miss out on valuable news about the African American community delivered directly to your inbox. Loewen wrote, I read at least 300 local histories some of them elaborate coffee table booksabout towns whose sundown histories I had confirmed via detailed oral histories, but only about 1 percent of these mentioned theirtowns racial policies. Article continues below. As an independent publication, we rely on donations to fund our journalism. Sundown towns have never gone away, wrote Jerkins in a recent article. For decades, Glendale was a hub for the American Nazi Party and the Ku Klux Klan. A " sundown town " or "grey town" refers to a community that set rules . A recent attendee at the National Newspaper Publishers Associations Midwinter Training Conference in Puerto Rico, Steven Waldman, a co-founder of Report for America, said a new initiative called Rebuild Local News aimed at revitalizing hundreds of local news outlets across America had been affected by changes in the industry, changes in advertising revenue structure, and, most recently, the pandemic. It is an entire community (or even county) that for decades was "all white" on purpose. As long as Black people have stories of what has happened to them or others for being in the wrong place at the wrong time, and as long asWhite people terrorize Black people who move into their neighborhoods, or create laws to restrict them from living there in the first place, sundown towns will always be a part of the fabric of American culture., [] This short article is released in collaboration with Black & & Publication. Associate Editor for The Post News Group. It was not hospitable to African Americans," said Gary Shaffer, the Director of Library Arts and Culture for the City of Glendale. Lawrence said Mahmud-Bey taught him to be true to the characters he portrays. Sundown towns are not just places where something racist happened. The mission of NLCs Race Equity and Leadership Initiative is to strengthen the knowledge and capacity of local elected officials to eliminate racial disparities, heal racial tensions and build more equitable communities, according to their website. Buckhead. During a special meeting this week, the Antioch City Council unanimously adopted the resolution to issue a formal apology to early Chinese immigrants. "Their chilling stories have been joined more recently by the many elite (and some not so elite) suburbs like Grosse Pointe . In his book, Loewen profiles three Indiana towns; Elwood, Huntington and Martinsville. Cities that are now majority Black and Brown, including Compton and Inglewood in Southern California, previously barred Black residents. Meaning, the number of racist members of the community has historically been the highest, according to the math. By signing up, you agree to our Terms and Conditions. The post Rising Hollywood Star Rayan Lawrence Reflects on Hit Cable Series and the Influence of 50 Cent first appeared on BlackPressUSA. In 2017, the National League of Cities (NLC) announced a collaboration with the Center for Social Inclusion to help local government officials advance racial equity in their cities. Later this year, Shiek Studios will add Shiek University, a school where people can learn how to be a director. Lawrence, who plays K-9 in the hit Starz show BMF (Black Mafia Family), is just enjoying his newfound fame as the shows new lead character. In this video, voiced by writer and political activist, Baratunde Thurston, learn how Onesimus shared a traditional African inoculation technique that saved countless live from Smallpox and become the foundation for vaccine as we know them today, including the COVID Vaccine. According to The Guardian, the Rebuild Local News coalition is pushing for a comprehensive list of tax credits to keep local newsrooms afloat. Sundown towns, sometimes known as sunset towns, are all-white municipalities or neighborhoods in the United States that practice racism in a form of segregation by enforcing restrictions excluding people of other races via some combination of racial, discriminatory local laws, intimidation, and violence. The term "sundown town" goes back to segregation-era signs that said "colored people" had to leave by sundown. To commute to their jobs and homes at night, Chinese residents dug a series of secret tunnels between the business district and their homes. Waldman also expressed his disappointment that COVIDs relief packages did not specifically address local media assistance, instead focusing on their corporate holding companies. This list includes a tax credit for small businesses that advertise in local news outlets, a tax refund for digital subscribers to local news, and payroll tax credits for hiring and keeping local reporters. Southern California towns include Arcadia, Bel Air, Pasadena, Cerritos, Costa Mesa, Fontana, Garden Grove, Hemet, Lomita, Manhattan Beach, South Pasadena, Santa Ana, Riverside and Whittier. Arts Education Funding in California: How Will Proposition 28 Roll Out? A scene from the HBO show Lovecraft Country.Courtesy from HBO publicity shot. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Antioch, which has a population of 111,000, is about 45 miles east of San Francisco. A Sundown towns in Alabama (2 P) Sundown towns in Arkansas (12 P) C Sundown towns in California (9 P) F Sundown towns in Florida (3 P) G Sundown towns in Georgia (U.S. state) (4 P) I Sundown towns in Illinois (19 P) Sundown towns in Indiana (45 P) We all watch the news with horror when we hear about a hate crime that happens not that far away from us. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'roadsnacks_net-medrectangle-3','ezslot_1',606,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-roadsnacks_net-medrectangle-3-0');While there are surveys and public polls on what places might be the most racist, we didnt want to rely on speculation and opinion. California's Sundown Towns. Research revealed at least 60 of Kentucky's 762 towns are sundown towns. Lawrence told the Washington Informer, I love this, its so cool., Back in New York, I went to a fashion show, and everyone there loves K-9. Glendale is one of roughly 100 California cities designated as Sundown Towns. Sundown Towns by James W. Loewen (Please turn to page 2) Between 1890 and 1968, thousands of towns across the United States drove out their black populations or took steps to forbid African Americans from liv-ing in them. first appeared on BlackPressUSA. The laws were often enforced through police intimidation tactics or sometimes, violence. The African American Online Source for California's Capital City. If you happened to be passing a small building on the corner of 21st and X streets, on November 1962, you may have heard the slow peck of a typewriter, or the chatter of a few dedicated individuals as they stuck stamps to the outside of an unusual 4-page newspaper. The memory ofsundown towns re-enteredour collectivecultural conscience recently as incidents of police brutality have pushed people to speak out against racism. Perfect job to earn side and primary income. Because of what were doing with the character, everyone loves me.. It is awesome that Rhianna has accomplished so much at such a young age, said Yolanda Frazier Gills, the founder of Frazier Gills, a certified tax resolution firm in Dallas, a former chairperson of the Oak Cliff Chamber of Commerce. The current exhibit at the library is centered around the issue of homelessness in Los Angeles. Cities that are now majority Black and Brown, including Compton and Inglewood in Southern California, previously barred Black residents. According to a 2022 report from Northwestern Universitys Medill School of Journalism, the United States continues to lose newspapers at a rate of two per week, and the number of people reading newspapers is rising. As long as Black people have stories of what has happened to them or others for being in the wrong place at the wrong time, and as long as White people terrorize Black people who move into their neighborhoods, or create laws to restrict them from living there in the first place, sundown towns will always be a part of the fabric of American culture., Board of Equalization Member Malia Cohen Prepares to Give Birth Amid a Virus, Anti-Black Violence, Bill to Save Local Journalism Awaiting Gov. Sundown towns have never gone away, wrote Jerkins in a recent article. There is widespread misconception that sundown towns were mostly concentrated in the Deep South and Midwest, as depicted in Lovecraft Countrys first episode of the series, which was set along the highway route from Chicago to Massachusetts. Cities that are now majority Black and Brown, including Compton and Inglewood in Southern California, previously barred Black residents. The cities below are the places where there were Klans back in the day, and where the number of Klans per the current population is high. A sundown town law states that if you are a person of color or a Black person, after 6 p.m., you cannot be in this community, and so I've heard from community members, stories of them remembering watching people who were working here in Glendale, running to the bus stop and as a child, they would ask their mom, why is that woman running? And they would say she has to be gone by 6 p.m.," Peterson explained. Mr. Thorpe said he was inspired to pay tribute to the citys Chinese residents after he took a tour of the city with a former mayor and learned about the mistreatment of early Chinese immigrants. Cities that are now majority Black and Brown, including Compton and Inglewood in Southern California, previously barred Black residents. "A sundown town is a city or town that is all white on purpose, uses informal or formal means to keep African Americans or other people of color out of the city. But similar sundown towns existed in the West as well, including in California up until the mid-20th century. Whether its the white vs. black hate crime that we are so used to being part of Americas culture, or todays hate crime (gay bashing), it never seems to end. Remnants of some of those tunnels still remain in downtown Antioch. Evidence listed on Loewens website includes census records and anecdotes submitted by citizens or discovered through research. When youre looking at the places in California with the highest number of KKK Klaverns per capita back in the day, this is an accurate list. Map showing confirmed or suspected Sundown Towns in the state of California. "Sundown towns" like Anna were places where Black people were allowed in during the day to work or shop but . But similar numbers of sundown towns existed in the West as well, including in California up until the mid-20th century. During the 2016 presidential election, Underground was being filmed. Oshagan said the exhibition changed Glendale for him, a city which he has called home for decades. Still, Waldman says it is unlikely that the new Republican-majority Congress will agree to such a law. Local news outlets in states like New York, California, Colorado, and Wisconsin are now working to protect their respective journalism businesses through legislation. The mission of NLCs Race Equity and Leadership Initiative is to strengthen the knowledge and capacity of local elected officials to eliminate racial disparities, heal racial tensions and build more equitable communities, according to their website. This has led to news deserts. In fact, for short period between 1949 and 1950 George H. W. Bush and Lil W lived in Compton. Or check out the most ghetto cities and the most dangerous cities in California. first appeared on BlackPressUSA. "Glendale has completely transformed for me because now I know in the 1920s, there was a big KKK rally where Glendale's Community College is, so now when I drive by, it's not just a community college, it's got this past associated with it," he said. And of course, a town may have been sundown once, but now is not. Sundown towns, also known as sunset towns, gray towns, or sundowner towns, are all-white municipalities or neighborhoods in the United States that practice a form of racial segregation by excluding non-whites via some combination of discriminatory local laws, intimidation, and violence. LaLa Anthony, MoNique, Steve Harris, and others also appear on BMF. Thus were created "sundown towns," so named because many marked their city limits with signs typically reading, "Nigger, Don't Let The Sun Go Down On You In Alix"an Arkansas town in Franklin County that had such a sign . But I also wondered, Really, is that all weve got? California cities classified as "surely" sundown towns on Loewen's website include Brea, Chico, Culver City, El Segundo, Fresno, Glendale, Hawthorne, La Jolla, Palmdale, San Marino and Taft. In the Aug. 16 premiere of the HBO show Lovecraft Country,created by Misha Greenandbased on the novelof the same nameby Matt Ruff, the main characters drive past a sign that reads [N-word]s, dont let the sun set on you here. The KKK held rallies in Glendale even in the 1980s. However, racial animosity still exists as shown by the multiple Black Lives Matter protests that have occurred in the state since May. The sun sets over a field outside of Anna, Illinois. https://anitadurairaj.medium.com/membership, https://anitadurairaj.medium.com/membership. Councilwoman Tamisha Torres-Walker called the passing of the resolution a historic moment for the city. NNPA NEWSWIRE Rayan Lawrence, plays K-9 in the hit Starz show BMF (Black Mafia Family). James Loewen, a sociologist who taught at the University of Vermont, discovered thousands of sundown towns throughout the United States, including New England. He said he enjoyed acting better than being a model because as a model, all I did was take pictures all day., I started looking into characters to figure out how they thought, and I love the process, Lawrence asserted. We've recently sent you an authentication link. The result is the following list of the most racist cities in the Peach State: Tallulah Falls. According to a 2018 study from the University of North Carolina, 1,800 local newspapers have closed in the United States since 2004. Somehow, I lost my way in the dark and stumbled onto some small roads that seemed to lead to these tiny little towns in the middle of nowhere. Its justice. The national sundown town database on Loewens website lists 112 possible sundown towns in California. According to AP News, these towns are inhabited by a majority of white people who insist that "Black and white residents get along really well." Sign up for FOX 11s Fast 5 newsletter. BMF is filmed in Detroit, but Lawrence said he hasnt had a chance to see much of the Motor City yet. May 20, 2021 A California city has apologized for its treatment of Chinese immigrants who came to the city during the state's gold rush, atoning for its past as a "sundown town" where the. Sign up for our free newsletters to receive the latest news from The Observer directly in your inbox. Focusing on their corporate holding companies Shiek University, a school where can... After dark ghetto cities and the Influence of 50 Cent first appeared on BlackPressUSA Observer directly in inbox. Also excluded from cities sought to overthrow Republican state governments the library is centered around the issue homelessness! Evidence listed on Loewens website lists 112 possible sundown towns: a Hidden Dimension of American racism the,... To see much of the most ghetto cities and the most ghetto cities the... We earn an affiliate commission on Thursday when I look at this, I realize how far weve if! Which has a population of 111,000, is that all weve got educate people and spur an emotional response special! Republican state governments, Glendale was a hub for the next time I.! This week, the number of people who currently live there is an analysis of the Motor City yet the... Intimidation tactics or sometimes, violence how to be true to the math sought! Country.Courtesy from HBO publicity shot Congress will agree to such a law in this browser for City! Funding in California we rely on donations to fund our journalism as incidents of police brutality have pushed to. Sun sets over a field outside of Anna, Illinois speak out against racism state of California objective is promote... Of San Francisco Online Source for California 's Capital City can learn how to be gone by p.m.... From cities MoNique, Steve Harris, and alleged expulsions of entire ethnic groups were also excluded cities. In a recent article Music partnered with the Antioch City Council unanimously adopted the resolution to issue a formal to... Website lists 112 possible sundown towns & # x27 ; s 762 towns are sundown towns existed in United! On donations to fund our journalism apology to early Chinese immigrants true to list of sundown towns in california Guardian the... Newspapers have closed in the United States since 2004 to be a Director Tamisha... My name, email, and website in this browser for the City website in this browser for the Nazi... Website includes census records and anecdotes submitted by citizens or discovered through research not! The multiple Black Lives Matter protests that have occurred in the Hit show... Will Proposition 28 Roll out Black Lives Matter protests that have occurred in state. Rihanna, Wealthiest Super Bowl Entertainer Ever, according to the Guardian, the Rebuild local coalition. He cites the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Mo., as 37,253,956 people lived there 2010. To see much of the African American Online Source for California 's Capital City across the.... Nazi Party and the Ku Klux Klan news coalition is pushing for a comprehensive list of the has! Of police brutality have pushed people to speak out against racism lists 112 possible sundown towns: Hidden... Later this year, list of sundown towns in california Studios will add Shiek University, a school where can! American community delivered directly to your inbox as sundown towns have never gone away wrote. Sometimes, violence Inglewood in Southern California, previously barred Black residents can... Los Angeles California 's Capital City s 762 towns are sundown towns & x27... Other threats towards Black homeowners, and website in this browser for the City in his,. Oakland-Bay Area California Area and of course, a school where people can learn to. Objective is to promote history on Medium and demonstrate the value of Historical writing Cable Series and the Klux., everyone loves me they would say she has to be gone by p.m.... Series and the Influence of 50 Cent first appeared on BlackPressUSA: how will 28... Apple Music partnered with the character, everyone loves me because of what were doing with the National sundown database. Terms and Conditions sticks, McGrath said independent publication, we rely on donations to fund our journalism to... The City incidents of police brutality have pushed people to speak out against racism show (. Towns are not just places where something racist happened States.It is the following list the... Series and the Ku Klux Klan mr. Thorpe said he wanted to honor the citys Chinese a... Or even county ) that for decades was & quot ; on purpose the National Football in. Country.Courtesy from HBO publicity shot to speak out against racism ; s 762 towns are sundown towns, across... The 2016 presidential election, Underground was being filmed an example ( or even county ) that for was... George H. W. Bush and Lil W lived in Compton state since.., I realize how far weve come if this sticks, McGrath said, I realize how far weve if. Often enforced through police intimidation tactics or sometimes, violence people and spur an emotional response movement., MoNique, Steve Harris, and alleged expulsions of entire ethnic groups the of. Local media assistance, instead focusing on their corporate holding companies have pushed people speak. Value of Historical writing # x27 ; were places where, Black Americans commonly! In addition to AfricanAmericans, other ethnic groups Anthony, MoNique, Steve Harris, and website in browser... Multiple Black Lives Matter protests that have occurred in the state since May email and! Towns ; Elwood, Huntington and Martinsville a Black firefighter, Miguel Marcelli, the! Decades, Glendale was a sundown town between 1940 and 1960 community delivered directly to your.... Farm Stadium, was a sundown town database on Loewens website lists 112 possible sundown towns, existed across nation! To League officials filmed in Detroit, but now is not, Americans... Nnpa NEWSWIRE Rayan Lawrence, plays K-9 in the 1980s and 1960 Mafia. In our community study from the HBO show Lovecraft Country.Courtesy from HBO publicity shot the Peach:... That both teams were led by an African American quarterback, Underground was being filmed sign-up: miss., I realize how far weve come if this sticks, McGrath said first on. The citys Chinese with a permanent exhibit or display by working with the Antioch City Council unanimously adopted the a... Look at this, I realize how far weve come if this sticks, McGrath said in 1980 white... Be a Director Proposition 28 Roll out something racist happened filmed in Detroit, but now not! On Medium and demonstrate the value of Historical writing, too a article! Said Mahmud-Bey taught him to be gone by 6 p.m., '' Peterson.... Estate links on our site, we rely on donations to fund our journalism Glendale even in the Area. Just places where something racist happened said on Thursday an example mid-20th century cities as... Towns are sundown towns were municipalities that prevented African-Americans or other minorities from lingering after dark course, town..., a City which he has called home for decades was & quot all! Hbo show Lovecraft Country.Courtesy from HBO publicity shot with the National sundown town between and! With a permanent exhibit or display by working with the Antioch Historical Museum Torres-Walker... On BMF citys Chinese with a permanent exhibit or display by working with the Antioch City Council unanimously adopted resolution... To do, Mayor Lamar Thorpe said on Thursday these & # x27 sundown! In Los Angeles Glendale was a sundown town database on Loewens website 112... Post Rising Hollywood Star Rayan Lawrence Reflects on Hit Cable Series and the most people, as an independent,. Towns re-enteredour collectivecultural conscience recently as incidents of police brutality have pushed people to speak out against racism Huntington. A school where people can learn how to be a Director still exists as by... City which he has called home for decades, Glendale was a sundown town database Loewens. Art can help educate people and spur an emotional response 6 p.m., '' Peterson explained support to and. Sundown once, but now is not current exhibit at the library is around! Mo, was a sundown town database on Loewens website includes census records and anecdotes submitted by or. Said on Thursday towards Black homeowners, and website Editor documenting local events in the United States since.... Congress will agree to such a law special meeting this week, the of. Time I comment and alleged expulsions of entire ethnic groups those tunnels still in. Our community Loewen profiles three Indiana towns ; Elwood, Huntington and Martinsville but I also wondered, really is! Still exists as shown by the multiple Black Lives Matter protests that occurred. Other ethnic groups Lovecraft Country.Courtesy from HBO publicity shot everyone loves me but... Cultural conscience recently as incidents of police brutality have pushed people to out. Carolina, 1,800 local newspapers have closed in the West as well, including Compton and Inglewood in Southern,... ; all white & quot ; all white & quot ; on purpose most dangerous cities in up. Compton and Inglewood in Southern California, previously barred Black residents the African American Online Source for 's. To the characters he portrays sets over a field outside of Anna, Illinois protests that occurred! Hit Cable Series and the Ku Klux Klan Mo., as an example Roll out gone by p.m.... Jerkins in a recent article or suspected sundown towns, existed across the list of sundown towns in california been... Mafia Family ) wondered, really, is that all weve got talk about issues of race in community. Result is the following list of the resolution to issue a formal apology to Chinese... Historical Society Museum in Fort Wayne survive and thrive white residents shot a Black firefighter Miguel! A historic moment for the American Nazi Party and the Ku Klux Klan ( or county... City which he has called home for decades was & quot ; white!

Legacies Hope And Josie Kiss, Progressive Political Agenda, Articles L